Use Of Green Building Constructions Environmental Sciences Essay

Use Of Green Building Constructions Environmental Sciences Essay India is the Seventh largest country in the world and it has population of 1.24 billion as of 2012 according to World Population Review 2012. As of 2012 India experienced a growth of 5.5% in its Gross Domestic Product (Money Control, 2012). In the same year, the Construction industry Experienced a growth of 6.6%. During the year 2011, construction industry was valued at Rs.18.5 trillion (Reportlinker, 2012). Indian Green Building Council was started on 2001 by Confederation of Indian Industry. The aim of this council is to increase green building construction in India and to make India one of the leaders in green buildings of the world. Benefits from green buildings can be both tangible and intangible . Most important benefit from construction of green buildings are reduction in usage of water and energy costs during the construction of building. The tangible benefits by using green buildings are saving water sources at 30-50% and energy sources by 20-30%. The intangible benefits in construction of green buildings are clear vision of day lighting, health and wellbeing of the occupants, conservation of national resources and enhanced air and marketability of the project (Indian Green Building Council,2008). Indian Green Building Council is a system designed for rating residential buildings which include Gated communities, Residential apartments, Retrofitting of residential buildings with accordance to Indian Green Buildings Council (Indian Green Building Council, 2008). The increased growth in economic activities of any country is causing pressure on environmental and natural resources. There is evidence that an irreversible damage is caused to global environment due to human activities, which have an impact on quality of life for future generations. This concern for environment due to global warming has caused governments to search for sustainable solutions. In India, the real estate industry is the main contributor for global warming due to emission of greenhouse gases released due to energy use from buildings. Hence, there is a necessity for developing sustainable green buildings and technologies in the construction industry. Compared to the world average growth of 5.2% in construction industry, India is growing rapidly with a rate of 10% and also 20% of total electricity is consumed by buildings in India (Lang and Meghraj, 2008). This shows that it is a great opportunity to instigate construction of green buildings or sustainable buildings in the country. In some cases developers have to face a lot of challenges since construction of green buildings will cost a lot for some cases. Green Buildings Development: Sustainable development is often defined as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Meeting the needs of the present generation without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (Brundtland, 1987). Sustainable development is conceptually divided into three types. They are Economic Sustainability, Social Sustainability and Environment Sustainability (John Elkington, 1999). Performance of industrial economy is always been measured by financial outcome. Striking a balance between the above three constituent parts will be a key in achieving sustainable development. In India real estate industry is the major energy consumers and Greenhouse Gas emitters. 38% of global energy is being consumed by real estate industry and almost 3,800 tonnes of greenhouse gas is emitted every year, according to a report done by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate change in the year 1996. This report has not included usage of any other resources such as water. Due to increased global warming, depleted sources and consumer pressures had pushed the need for sustainability in construction industry secto r (Lang and Meghraj, 2008). Sustainability in construction industry is not limited to energy conservation also includes resource usage, working conditions and also neighbour surroundings. This situation has given rise to development of sustainable buildings. The green building usually emphasises reduction of environmental impacts on a integrated approach to land, construction strategies and building uses in a sustainable way. Usually a green building uses less amount of energy, natural resources and water when compared to other normal building. By construction of sustainable buildings less amount of construction waste is generated and it also helps in providing healthier environment for people living in it. Green buildings have sustainable features like sufficient use of water, energy and eco-friendly environment, usage of recycled materials, renewable energy, landscapes, effective building and control management systems (Lang and Meghraj, 2008). The benefits of sustainable building usually depend on the extent at which they are used during the planning and design state. A green building will be successful only if it is included starting from the design state. The considerations that are taken into account in design of green building are supply chain starting from material sourcing, recycled resource use, civic amenities, modelling of energy and finally waste disposal for occupiers education. Sustainable Buildings in India: In India, green building movement started with establishment of Indian Green Building Council in 2001, which was started by CII (Confederation of Indian Industries). The first sustainable building was constructed on July 14 2004 at Hyderabad named as CII-Sohrabji Godrej Green Business Centre (Lang and Meghraj, 2008). In India there are about 18 LEED certified green buildings with an area of about 110 million sq ft by the end of 2007 (CII-Energy Efficiency in Building Design and construction, 2010). In India, the construction industry is considered to be one of the biggest emitter of Greenhouse Gases. 20-25% of consumed electricity by government buildings is being wasted due to incapable design, according to a report submitted by Ministry of power in June 2004. This is the same scenario in private sector. Merits and Cost of Sustainable Buildings In India: The main difference between normal and green buildings are that green buildings have improved indoor environment and also operational savings. The economic advantages of green buildings will not be visible immediately, since the lifetime payback is higher compared to that of normal buildings which mainly come from cost savings, reduced carbon emission and higher capital or rental values. The social advantages are due to increased green buildings in the environment. It also helps in increasing tenants and decrease their health problems due to better working condition. In India, the payback of platinum rated building will range from 5 to 7 years where as gold rated and silver rated building have a period of 3 to 4 years (Lang and Meghraj, 2008). The common notion among Indian developers is that construction of green buildings is costlier when compared to normal buildings and it will take a long time to get payback on sustainable buildings. This reason is due to mainly following: green buildings are still in the stage of developing, not having enough technical information on green buildings, execution of sustainable buildings are still inept, preferring short returns instead of focusing on life term returns (Lang and Meghraj, 2008). Cost Premium of Green buildings in India ranges from 6-18%, it depends on the ratings (Confederation of Indian Industry, 2008). There are green building rating systems which give information about changes, effort by the owners invested on achieving a good performance sustainable building and environmental benefits of the land. The sustainable building rating systems are as follows: BREEAM (Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method, used mostly in UK) LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design, used mostly in US) Green Star (Used mostly in Australia and New Zealand have their own type of Green Star) NABERS (National Australian Built Environment Rating System) LEED in India by Indian Green Building Council GRIHA (Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment) Cost Analysis of Green buildings: In words of Greg Kats Principal of capital (a consultancy focusing on clean energy), he says that there is big difference between operating cost and capital cost of sustainable building. Why Did I Chose Green Building Constructions and Their Cost Efficiency in India: Most people in India know about Green Buildings, but dont know the procedure how to start and what are the methods to be taken care in starting a sustainable construction. We have lack of information on Sustainable buildings and Government of India must educate people on sustainable buildings. Construction of green buildings started in India recently during the year 2004 until then people where constructing residential buildings, non-residential buildings including government buildings in normal ways. My aim in choosing this topic is to show that even though green buildings are costly but in lifetime they can get their payback and also provide healthy environment to neighbours and occupants. Government should help in providing financial help for constructing sustainable buildings in India.

Lease Versus Purchase Essay

When operating a successful business, it is important to consider operating costs and expenses related to producing or being able to provide a certain good or service. In some cases, it is more beneficial for a business to lease equipment needed for production or manufacturing and in other instances it is financially favorable to purchase equipment. This paper will compare the factors involved in deciding whether to purchase or lease equipment. Types of Leases The term â€Å"lease† is essentially the same as the term â€Å"rent†, as both have identical meanings. There are two different types of leases, an operating lease and a financial lease. Both types provide the use of an asset, but with some very different rules. An operating lease is typically used for equipment or vehicles and can be cancelled by the lessee with proper notice. The timeframe of the lease is usually less than the expected life of the item, and will sometimes include a maintenance contract built in. The lessor hopes to either sell the asset or release it at the end of the initial lease. A financial lease, aka a capital lease, cannot be terminated early. Financial leases also do not include maintenance contracts, and are usually set for the life expectancy of the item. The purpose for the lessor is to gain their initial investment plus a return on the asset, and is thus like debt financing. Lease vs. Purchase If a company wants to obtain the usage of an asset such as cash, plant or equipment, without the obligation of purchasing the item, then a lease is the best option. Leases can be classified as short term or long-term debt just depending on the amount of time contracted. The key considerations a  company must consider when trying to decided whether to purchase or lease an asset is the net present value of purchasing versus leasing. The factors that affect the value are depreciation, taxes, length of lease payments, life span of asset, and any residual or salvage value of the asset. Leases are accounted for on a company’s balance sheet as long as one of the following occurs; the lease transfers ownership at the expiration, the lessee may buy the asset below its value at the expiration, length of lease is more then 75 percent of the expected life span, or the present lease payments exceeds 90 percent of the fair market value of the property (Mayo, 2012). Financial leases though, must be capitalized where as operating leases may not have to be placed on the balance sheet, but should be noted in the footnotes. Even though financial leasing may sound similar to debt financing of an asset, keep in mind that the lessor will obtain any residual value of the asset, whereas if purchased, the salvage value would remain with the purchaser. Leasing offers higher tax deductions, but potentially understates a companies assets. Purchasing usually requires a higher initial cash outlay (Newman, 2006), but may offer higher assets and better return on investment in the long run. Determining which option of leasing or buying is better will ultimately depend on the time value of money (Mayo, 2012). Application of Time Value/Money Concepts in Evaluating Lease vs. Purchase Decisions When deciding on whether on whether to lease or purchase assets for your company, there are a few different factors to consider. One of those important factors is the time value of money. According to â€Å"Financial Dictionary† the time value of money can be defined as â€Å"the idea that a dollar today is worth more than a dollar in the future, because the dollar received today can earn interest up until the time the future dollar is received† (2015). To determine which option, leasing or purchasing, would be financially beneficial for the business, the present value of each should be calculated. The present value formula will give you the cash flows associated with leasing or purchasing the asset (Mayo, 2012). To calculate the present value of a single sum of money one would divide the Future Value (FV) by (1 + i)n where i is the interest rate per compounding period and n are the number of compounding periods (â€Å"Present Value Of A Single Sum Of Money†, 2013). Conclusion There are many factors and applications to consider when making the decision between leasing and purchasing. Factors such as the assets life expectancy, company’s tax bracket, and payment schedule are just a few to be considered when determining which option is best for a company. Understanding the time value of money, is just one of the few considerations a company must review so that its financial officers can make educated business decisions. References Financial Dictionary. (2015). Retrieved from http://financial-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com Mayo, H. B. (2012). Basic finance: An introduction to financial institutions, investments, and management (10th ed.). Mason, OH: South-Western. Newman, P. (2006). Leasing vs Buying: Which is Best for You?. Retrieved from http://www.entrepreneur.com/article/169332 Present Value of a Single Sum of Money. (2013). Retrieved from http://accountingexplained.com/misc/tvm/pv-single-sum

Essay Samples of How to Bring Deversity to College Help!

Essay Samples of How to Bring Deversity to College Help! Application essays so they might inspire you to a better degree of writing. The Common Application's individual essay permits a student to compose a single essay for a number of colleges. Scholarship Essay Examples are supplied for insight on the best way to write a scholarship essay. Unlike every other element of the program, you control your essay. This section will examine two essays from the examples which were collected above so we are able to pull them apart and inquire into the criteria that result in a good college application essay. For college applications, you can want to have a 10-step course on college application essay writing to find out more. Hence, it's very crucial that you look closely at the very simple college essay formatting guidelines, which are given below. Some institutions request an essay about a student's choice of a university or career. If you must discover the very best essay hook to craft a noteworthy story this post is going to be of. This article will appear at the criteria that generally makes for an excellent personal statement whilst giving you an enormous collection of successful essays that were accepted at a lot of different institutions. Share an essay on any subject of your selection. Whether there are lots of mistakes in your essay, it cannot be pretty. The point is extremely crucial in writing college application essays, you might also learn about writing a prosperous college application essay to find out more. I'll offer you some ideas on transforming your ideas and research into a genuine essay. Have a look at our article on the most frequently made mistakes in college essays for more tips to make sure your essay reads well. Our professional guide can help you write nice and intriguing essays and research. Take a look at some strategies and secrets to compose a stellar personal essay. It is crucial to be aware that a few of these statements could possibly be using prompts that are no longer accepted by colleges. Please describe how your private background informs your choice to pursue a graduate level. At this time you've gotten the admission officer's interest. But, there are lots of distinct elements that lead to the admissions decision. To obtain an admissions edge, you will need to transcend competent blandness. Ensure it is Interesting For a minute, imagine that you're an admissions officer. Colleges care about the quantities of acceptances deeply, so it can help to understand you're a sure thing. Along with academic breadth, there are a larger selection of extra-curricular pursuits readily available on the bigger campus. I have always enjoyed riding in cars. Every city has more than 1 college within it. Locate a means to explain why this particular college within this particular city calls to you. As an example, say you really need the opportunity to learn from the world-famous Professor X. Stephen connects his previous experience to his present-day maturity through self-knowledge. The bulk of the essay utilizes standard English and English grammar. Diversity statements are a somewhat new addition to the work application packet. These strong words don't need adverbs, and this also produces a concise, flowing sentence that's simple to read. This is particularly the case if they're words you do not normally use. Follow them to find out what they're posting about. Contrary to other companies, we're safe and skillful group of writers that are deeply concerned regarding the academic writing tasks. You don't have to be worried about your personal details that could be viewed, as we handle the matter on a safe network. Moreover, we additionally provide proofreading and editing services.

“I just want to be someone, mean something to anyone, I...

â€Å"I just want to be someone, mean something to anyone, I want to be the real ME†, by Charlotte Eriksson. The quest of my journey is to discover my real purpose, my real goal but most importantly, find my real identity. This is known as the â€Å"Identity versus Role Confusion Stage† or as described by psychoanalyst Erik H. Erikson, the fifth stage of the Eight Stages of Man. It occurs between the ages of 12 to 18, where every person battles to establish a certain roll or skill that provides one with a sense of a sturdy foundation in the adult society. I too am currently going through this stage of life, dodging many obstacles in order to seek out my identity. The hardest obstacle- my attempt to fit in with my peers, but the extremes I took to†¦show more content†¦That there was the identity of Shikha Balani, an appellation chained to my name for years to come. Depressed as ever, I began opening my eyes to multiple ways of trying to gain happiness-the most effective: alcohol. My parents would keep the bar at home stacked up high for their grand parties and would never notice when some would go missing. The first sip I ever took was a little bitter but had a tangy after taste. It gave me sort of a rush, and I was promptly addicted. I felt carefree, not one trouble I had bothered me. My life finally had a sense of meaning, like I was someone who mattered and was not being compared to anyone else. It gave me a new identity. It quickly escalated from taking a drink every weekend, to requiring a drink every day before and after school. I would need at least one beer before I would even go to school, prepping me with a sense of confidence for the long day ahead. When I reached home, I would drink at least two to three beers to relax myself and not worry about anything else. My family was unaware of my drinking problem, as I had hid it perfectly. I paid keen attention to a group of people that would drink every weekend. Finally, I gathered up enough courage and decided to join them one day, to my surprise, I was finally accepted. We drank our hearts out, getting unquestionably intoxicated. It was just the cool thing to do, and I continuedShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Book Fall Arrives 1723 Words   |  7 Pagesman with a protruding belly that strains the buttons of his faded, much-wrinkled shirt. He slowly drinks a cup of lukewarm coffee and looks up at the dark, overcast sky, â€Å"Looks like rain tod ay† he says. Knowing the streets of the city better than anyone, Max prefers to work on the east side around the old Elmhurst Cemetery. People don’t venture close to the cemetery claiming that they often see a young woman walking through it. Convinced she is a ghost looking for revenge, but this story never botherRead MoreLove And Love In Selena Gomezs Round And Round1183 Words   |  5 PagesFor many people, songs serve as a way to relieve stress and some even have a sentimental attachment to them. 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